!3 July 1931 and Kashmir History
On July 13, 1931, t he troops of Dogra ruler Maharaja Hari Singh opened fire on a crowd outside the Central Jail in Srinagar, killing 22 Muslim civilians . The crowd had gathered for the trial of Abdul Qadeer, who was accused of inciting an uprising against the princely state's monarchy. The mass shooting became a pivotal moment in Kashmir's political history. According to accounts, as the civilian protesters were shot, others stepped forward to complete the Islamic call to prayer ( Azan ), only to be shot as well, until 22 individuals were killed; the Muslims call them martyrs. This tragedy galvanised the local population and laid the foundation for the region's modern political movements. The subsequent uprising accelerated the formation of the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference in 1932 (later renamed the National Conference) by leaders like Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah. For decades, July 13 was officially observed as 'Martyrs' Day' in Jammu and Kashmir, w...